Dr Llinos Harris
Lecturer in Biomedical Sciences
Dr Llinos G Harris holds a BSc (Hons) in Environmental Biology (University of Wales Bangor, 1996) and an MSc in Biological Electron Microscopy (University of Wales Aberystwyth; 1998). She completed her MSc thesis on optimising backscattered electron imaging of cell adhesion sites for scanning electron microscopy at the AO Foundation Davos, Switzerland, and then went on to complete a PhD titled “Molecular analysis of Staphylococcus aureusadhesins” at the University of Sheffield in collaboration with the AO.
Prior to joining Wrexham University in 2025, Llinos worked for several years as a post-doctoral fellow at the AO under the mentorship of the current Director, Prof R Geoff Richards before moving to Swansea University Medical School in 2005 as a senior research officer, before becoming a lecturer in Microbiology and Infectious diseases in 2017, a senior lecturer in 2020, and deputy programme director in MSc Biomedical Sciences in 2021. Llinos' specialism is in microbial pathogenesis, biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance; specifically interested in the interactions that occur between Staphylococci, host immune factors and medical device surfaces.
Llinos is a Senior Fellow of the Higher Education Academy (SFHEA) and a Fellow on the Institute of Biomedical Science (IBMS). She also reviews manuscript for peer-review journals such as Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Frontiers in Microbiology, Biomaterials, eCM Journal, and has been a guest editor for the journal Microbiology.
Llinos is a member of the IBMS Welsh Regional Engagement Committee (IBMS WREC), and COST Action CA23152: Building Consensus on Biofilm Regulatory Decision Making (RegulatoryToolBox), having previously been a member of COST Action TD1305: Improved Protection of Medical Devices Against Infection (IPROMEDAI; 2014-2018).
Collaborators
| Name | Role | Company |
|---|---|---|
| Prof Geoff Richards | Director | AO Foundation |
| Dr Fintan Moriarty | Focus Area Leader: Infection Biology | AO Foundation |
| Prof Thomas Wilkinson | Professor of Barrier Immunity and Infectious Disease | Swansea University |
| Daniel Morris | Research Scientist & Project Manager | BioMonde |
| Dr Dan John | Research Manager | Cultech Ltd. |
| Prof Yamni Nigam | Professor in Biomedical Sciences | Swansea University |
Publications
| Year | Publication | Type |
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | An In Vitro Model to Assess Early Immune Markers Following Co-Exposure of Epithelial Cells to Carbon Black (Nano)Particles in the Presence of S. aureus: A Role for Stressed Cells in Toxicological Testing, Biomedicines. [DOI] Scott Brown;Stephen J. Evans;Michael J. Burgum;Kirsty Meldrum;Jack Herridge;Blessing Akinbola;Llinos G. Harris;Rowena Jenkins;Shareen H. Doak;Martin J. D. Clift;Thomas S. Wilkinson |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2024 | Using the Traditional Ex Vivo Whole Blood Model to Discriminate Bacteria by Their Inducible Host Responses, Biomedicines. [DOI] Heather M. Chick;Megan E. Rees;Matthew L. Lewis;Lisa K. Williams;Owen Bodger;Llinos G. Harris;Steven Rushton;Thomas S. Wilkinson |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2023 | Larval Therapy and Larval Excretions/Secretions: A Potential Treatment for Biofilm in Chronic Wounds? A Systematic Review, MICROORGANISMS. [DOI] Daniel Morris;Micah Flores;Llinos Harris;John Gammon;Yamni Nigam |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2020 | Temporin A and Bombinin H2 Antimicrobial Peptides Exhibit Selective Cytotoxicity to Lung Cancer Cells, Scientifica. [DOI] Lucy Swithenbank;Phillipa Cox;Llinos G. Harris;Edward Dudley;Kathryn Sinclair;Paul Lewis;Floriana Cappiello;Claire Morgan |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2020 | Temporal Changes in Patient-Matched Staphylococcus epidermidis Isolates from Infections: towards Defining a ‘True’ Persistent Infection, MICROORGANISMS. [DOI] Llinos G. Harris;Owen Bodger;Virginia Post;Dietrich Mack;Mario Morgenstern;Holger Rohde;T. Fintan Moriarty;Thomas S. Wilkinson |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2017 | Limitations in the use of PSMγ, agr, RNAIII, and biofilm formation as biomarkers to define invasive Staphylococcus epidermidis from chronic biomedical device-associated infections, Int J Med Microbiol.. | Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2017 | Characterization of nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from international human and veterinary surgeons, Journal of medical microbiology. [DOI] Post, V.;Harris, L.G.;Morgenstern, M.;Geoff Richards, R.;Sheppard, S.K.;Fintan Moriarty, T. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2017 | Astaxanthin-based polymers as new antimicrobial compounds, Polymer Chemistry. [DOI] S. Weintraub;T. Shpigel;L. G. Harris;R. Schuster;E. C. Lewis;D. Y. Lewitus |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2016 | Biofilm morphotypes and population Structure among Staphylococcus epidermidis from commensal and clinical samples, PLoS ONE. [DOI] Harris, L.G.;Murray, S.;Pascoe, B.;Bray, J.;Meric, G.;Magerios, L.;Wilkinson, T.S.;Jeeves, R.;Rohde, H.;Schwarz, S.;De Lencastre, H.;Miragaia, M.;Rolo, J.;Bowden, R.;Jolley, K.A.;Maiden, M.C.J.;Mack, D.;Sheppard, S.K. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2016 | Erratum: Biofilm morphotypes and population structure among staphylococcus epidermidis from commensal and clinical samples (PLoS ONE (2016) 11:3 (e0151240) DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151240), PLoS ONE. [DOI] Harris, L.G.;Murray, S.;Pascoe, B.;Bray, J.;Meric, G.;Mageiros, L.;Wilkinson, T.S.;Jeeves, R.;Rohde, H.;Schwarz, S.;De Lencastre, H.;Miragaia, M.;Rolo, J.;Bowden, R.;Jolley, K.A.;Maiden, M.C.J.;Mack, D.;Sheppard, S.K. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2015 | Effects of polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) in an ex vivo model of whole blood killing and in prosthetic joint infection (PJI): A role for C5a, International Journal of Medical Microbiology. [DOI] AL-Ishaq, R.;Armstrong, J.;Gregory, M.;O'Hara, M.;Phiri, K.;Harris, L.G.;Rohde, H.;Siemssen, N.;Frommelt, L.;Mack, D.;Wilkinson, T.S. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2015 | Ecological overlap and horizontal gene transfer in Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, Genome Biology and Evolution. [DOI] Méric, G.;Miragaia, M.;De Been, M.;Yahara, K.;Pascoe, B.;Mageiros, L.;Mikhail, J.;Harris, L.G.;Wilkinson, T.S.;Rolo, J.;Lamble, S.;Bray, J.E.;Jolley, K.A.;Hanage, W.P.;Bowden, R.;Maiden, M.C.J.;Mack, D.;De Lencastre, H.;Feil, E.J.;Corander, J.;Sheppard, S.K. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2014 | Dormant cells of Staphylococcus aureus are resuscitated by spent culture supernatant, PLoS ONE. [DOI] Pascoe, B.;Dams, L.;Wilkinson, T.S.;Harris, L.G.;Bodger, O.;Mack, D.;Davies, A.P. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2013 | Lucilia sericata chymotrypsin disrupts protein adhesin-mediated staphylococcal biofilm formation, Applied and environmental microbiology. [DOI] Harris, L.G.;Nigam, Y.;Sawyer, J.;Mack, D.;Pritchard, D.I. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2012 | Identification of clinical isolates of α-hemolytic streptococci by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry using MALDI biotyper, and conventional phenotypic methods: A comparison, Journal of clinical microbiology. [DOI] Davies, A.P.;Reid, M.;Hadfield, S.J.;Johnston, S.;Mikhail, J.;Harris, L.G.;Jenkinson, H.F.;Berry, N.;Lewis, A.M.;El-Bouri, K.;Mack, D. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2012 | Comparison of bacterial identification by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and conventional diagnostic microbiology methods: Agreement, speed and cost implications, BRITISH JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE. El-Bouri, K.;Johnston, S.;Rees, E.;Thomas, I.;Bome-Mannathoko, N.;Jones, C.;Reid, M.;Ben-Ismaeil, B.;Davies, A.P.;Harris, L.G.;Mack, D. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2012 | An extracellular Staphylococcus epidermidis polysaccharide: Relation to Polysaccharide Intercellular Adhesin and its implication in phagocytosis, BMC microbiology. [DOI] Spiliopoulou, A.I.;Krevvata, M.I.;Kolonitsiou, F.;Harris, L.G.;Wilkinson, T.S.;Davies, A.P.;Dimitracopoulos, G.O.;Karamanos, N.K.;Mack, D.;Anastassiou, E.D. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2011 | Mechanisms of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation in different types of biomaterial-related infections, European Cells and Materials. Mack, D.;Harris, L.G.;Jeeves, R.;Pascoe, B.;Davis, A.P.;Wilkinson, T.S. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2011 | Influence of biomaterials on Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation, European Cells and Materials. Harris, L.G.;Jeeves, R.;Rohde, H.;Mack, D. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2010 | Rapid identification of staphylococci from prosthetic joint infections using MALDI-TOF mass-spectrometry, International Journal of Artificial Organs. Harris, L.G.;El-Bouri, K.;Johnston, S.;Rees, E.;Frommelt, L.;Siemssen, N.;Christner, M.;Davies, A.P.;Rohde, H.;Mack, D. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2010 | Rapid differentiation of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative staphylococci and meticillin susceptibility testing directly from growth-positive blood cultures by multiplex real-time PCR, Journal of medical microbiology. [DOI] Jukes, L.;Mikhail, J.;Bome-Mannathoko, N.;Hadfield, S.J.;Harris, L.G.;El-Bouri, K.;Davies, A.P.;Mack, D. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2009 | Disruption of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms by medicinal maggot Lucilia sericata excretions/secretions, International Journal of Artificial Organs. Harris, L.G.;Bexfield, A.;Nigam, Y.;Rohde, H.;Ratcliffe, N.A.;Mack, D. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2008 | Reduced medical infection related bacterial strains adhesion on bioactive RGD modified titanium surfaces: A first step toward cell selective surfaces, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research - Part A. [DOI] Maddikeri, R.R.;Tosatti, S.;Schuler, M.;Chessari, S.;Textor, M.;Richards, R.G.;Harris, L.G. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2008 | Raman spectroscopy for rapid discrimination of Staphylococcus opidermidis clones related to medical device-associated infections, LASER PHYSICS LETTERS. [DOI] Samek, O.;Telle, H.H.;Harris, L.G.;Bloomfield, M.;Mack, D. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2008 | Weak effect of metal type and ica genes on staphylococcal infection of titanium and stainless steel implants, Clinical Microbiology and Infection. [DOI] Hudetz, D.;Ursic Hudetz, S.;Harris, L.G.;Luginbühl, R.;Friederich, N.F.;Landmann, R. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2007 | Polysaccharide intercellular adhesin or protein factors in biofilm accumulation of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from prosthetic hip and knee joint infections, Biomaterials. [DOI] Rohde, H.;Burandt, E.C.;Siemssen, N.;Frommelt, L.;Burdelski, C.;Wurster, S.;Scherpe, S.;Davies, A.P.;Harris, L.G.;Horstkotte, M.A.;Knobloch, J.K.-M.;Ragunath, C.;Kaplan, J.B.;Mack, D. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2007 | Bacterial adhesion to PLL-g-PEG modified surfaces, European Cells and Materials. Maddikeri, R.R.;Tosatti, S.;Textor, M.;Richards, R.G.;Harris, L.G. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2007 | Effect of metal implant surface topography on fibroblast behaviour and bacterial adhesion, European Cells and Materials. Meredith, D.O.;Harris, L.G.;Riehle, M.O.;Curtis, A.S.G.;Richards, R.G. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2007 | Staphylococcus aureus adhesion to standard micro-rough and electropolished implant materials, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine. [DOI] Harris, L.G.;Meredith, D.O.;Eschbach, L.;Richards, R.G. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2007 | Living with an imperfect cell wall: Compensation of femAB inactivation in Staphylococcus aureus, BMC Genomics. [DOI] Hübscher, J.;Jansen, A.;Kotte, O.;Schäfer, J.;Majcherczyk, P.A.;Harris, L.G.;Bierbaum, G.;Heinemann, M.;Berger-Bächi, B. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2007 | Microbial interactions in Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. [DOI] Mack, D.;Davies, A.P.;Harris, L.G.;Rohde, H.;Horstkotte, M.A.;Knobloch, J.K.-M. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2006 | Biofilm formation in medical device-related infection, International Journal of Artificial Organs. Mack, D.;Rohde, H.;Harris, L.G.;Davies, A.P.;Horstkotte, M.A.;Knobloch, J.K.-M. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2006 | Staphylococci and implant surfaces: a review, Injury. [DOI] Harris, L.G.;Richards, R.G. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2006 | Biodegradable polyurethane cytocompatibility to fibroblasts and staphylococci, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research - Part A. [DOI] Harris, L.G.;Gorna, K.;Gogolewski, S.;Richards, R.G. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2006 | Staphylococcus aureus CcpA affects virulence determinant production and antibiotic resistance, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. [DOI] Seidl, K.;Stucki, M.;Ruegg, M.;Goerke, C.;Wolz, C.;Harris, L.;Berger-Bächi, B.;Bischoff, M. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2006 | Antiseptics and antibiotics on implants, Injury. [DOI] Richards, R.G.;Harris, L.G.;Schneider, E.;Haas, N. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2006 | Bacteria and cell cytocompatibility studies on coated medical grade titanium surfaces, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research - Part A. [DOI] Harris, L.G.;Mead, L.;Müller-Oberländer, E.;Richards, R.G. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2005 | Bacterial reactions to modified biomaterial surfaces, European Cells and Materials. Harris, L.G. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2005 | Bacterial adhesion to PLL-g-PEG modified surfaces, European Cells and Materials. Maddikeri, R.R.;Tosatti, S.;Richards, R.G.;Harris, L.G. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2005 | Cytocompatibility of coated titanium surfaces impregnated with an antiseptic to staphylococci and fibroblasts, European Cells and Materials. Harris, L.G.;Mead, L.;Müller-Oberlander, E.;Richards, R.G. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2005 | Influence of contrast media (iopromide, ioxaglate, gadolinium-DOTA) on blood viscosity, erythrocyte morphology and platelet function, Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. Reinhart, W.H.;Pleisch, B.;Harris, L.G.;Lütolf, M. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2005 | Assessment of the cytocompatibility of different coated titanium surfaces to fibroblasts and osteoblasts, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research - Part A. [DOI] Harris, L.G.;Patterson, L.M.;Bacon, C.;Ap Gwynn, I.;Richards, R.G. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2004 | Staphylococcus aureus adhesion to different treated titanium surfaces, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine. [DOI] Harris, L.G.;Richards, R.G. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2004 | Staphylococcus aureus adhesion to titanium oxide surfaces coated with non-functionalized and peptide-functionalized poly(L-lysine)-grafted- poly(ethylene glycol) copolymers, Biomaterials. [DOI] Harris, L.G.;Tosatti, S.;Wieland, M.;Textor, M.;Richards, R.G. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2004 | Analysing bacterial adhesion to biomaterials, European Cells and Materials. Harris, L.G.;Richards, R.G. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2004 | Cytocompatibility of biodegradable polyurethanes to cells and bacteria, European Cells and Materials. Harris, L.G.;Gorna, K.;Gogolewski, S.;Richards, R.G. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2003 | Effect of different hydrophilic polyurethanes on cell and bacterial adhesion, European Cells and Materials. Harris, L.G.;Gorna, K.;Gogolewski, S.;Richards, R.G. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2003 | Osteoblast adhesion and morphology and Staphylococcus aureus adhesion on various coated orthopaedic implant surfaces, European Cells and Materials. Bacon, C.;Harris, L.G.;ap Gwynn, I.;Richards, R.G. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2003 | Characterization of fibroblast adhesion on titanium model surfaces, European Cells and Materials. Bühler, M.;Harris, L.;Zinger, O.;Landolt, D.;Richards, R.G. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2003 | Fibroblast adhesion & morphology on titanium & TAN with various surface treatments, European Cells and Materials. Patterson, L.M.;Harris, L.G.;ap Gwynn, I.;Richards, R.G. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2002 | Analysis of Ebh, a 1.1-Megadalton cell wall-associated fibronectin-binding protein of Staphylococcus aureus, Infection and Immunity. [DOI] Clarke, S.R.;Harris, L.G.;Richards, R.G.;Foster, S.J. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2002 | An introduction to Staphylococcus aureus, and techniques for identifyingand quantifying S. aureus adhesins in relation to adhesion to biomaterials:Review, European Cells and Materials. Harris, L.G.;Foster, S.J.;Richards, R.G.;Lambert, P.;Stickler, D.;Eley, A. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2001 | Measurement of fibroblast and bacterial detachment from biomaterials using jet impingement, Cell biology international. [DOI] Bundy, K.J.;Harris, L.G.;Rahn, B.A.;Richards, R.G. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2001 | Staphylococcus aureus surface protein topography, European Cells and Materials. Harris, L.G.;Richards, R.G.;Foster, S.J. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 2000 | Influence of parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, 1,25(OH)2 cholecalciferol, calcium, and the calcium ionophore A23187 on erythrocyte morphology and blood viscosity, Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine. Mark, M.;Walter, R.;Harris, L.G.;Reinhart, W.H. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
| 1999 | Influence of nitrovasodilators and endothelin-1 on rheology of human blood in vitro, British journal of pharmacology. [DOI] Walter, R.;Mark, M.;Gaudenz, R.;Harris, L.G.;Reinhart, W.H. |
Peer Reviewed Journal |
Honors and Awards
| Date | Title | Awarding Body |
|---|---|---|
| 03-2018 | Fellow of HEA | The Higher Education Academy |
| 07-2024 | Senior Fellow HEA | The Higher Education Academy |
Professional Associations
| Association | Function | From/To |
|---|---|---|
| Institute of Biomedical Science | Fellow | 10/2024 |
| Microbiology Society | Full member | 02/1999 |
Patents & Licensing Agreements
| Number | Title |
|---|---|
| USA-PV-60/506760 | Antimicrobial hyaluronic acid coatings for orthopaedic implants |
Education
| Institution | Qualification | Subject | From/To |
|---|---|---|---|
| University of Wales Aberystwyth | MSc | Biological Electron Microscopy | 09/1996 - 07/1998 |
| University of Sheffield | PhD | Molecular Biology and Biotechnology | 01/1999 - 03/2003 |
| University of Wales Bangor | BSc (Hons) | Environmental Biology | 09/1993 - 06/1996 |
Languages
| Language | Reading | Writing | Speaking |
|---|---|---|---|
| Welsh | Native / Bilingual Proficiency | Native / Bilingual Proficiency | Native / Bilingual Proficiency |
| English | Full Professional Proficiency | Full Professional Proficiency | Full Professional Proficiency |
Programs/ Modules Coordinated
| Title | Subject |
|---|---|
| Professional practice for the Biomedical and Life Sciences (PPBLS) | SCI447 |
| Blood Science | SCI548 |
| Cellular & Histopathology | SCI549 |
| Clinical Genetics & Cancer Biology | SCI646 |
| Advanced Laboratory Skills for the Biomedical and Life Sciences (ALSBLS) | SCI544 |
| Applied and Medical Microbiology | SCI552 |
| Advances in Medicine – Diagnostics and Therapeutics | SCI645 |
| Biology of Disease | SCI643 |